Synaptic pathology and mitochondrial oxidative damage are early events in AD progression. Loss of synapses and synaptic damage are the best correlates of cognitive deficits found in AD patients. Recent research on Aβ, tau mitochondria and synapses in AD revealed that Aβ [....] » Read More
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a common form of adult primary brain tumor, and diffusely and aggressively invade both hemispheres of the brain. Patients prognosis is dismal with median survival times ranging from12 to 15 months after diagnosis. In primary GBMs, the epidermal gr [....] » Read More
Currently, the so-called activation studies are the dominant approach to investigate the functional organization of the brain. Within the framework of these studies, the functional specialization of certain brain structures with respect to the types of activity under investigatio [....] » Read More
Today combat-related mental disorders related to the extraordinary stress are the most commonly reported mental health disorders among medical and sociological problems. The actuality of these disorders is determined by polygenic and multifact?rial essence of combat trauma (the i [....] » Read More
In 2013 world renowned Paralympian John Maclean became the first long term paraplegic to walk again. Maclean had been 25 years wheelchair dependent pre engaging in NeuroPhysics Therapy (NPT) and within the first 3 days of this controversial therapy Maclean took his first recorded [....] » Read More
Background: Access to high intensity weight-bearing exercise for those with severe mobility impairment post stroke is very limited. Technological advancements have led to the development of a variety of overground lower limb robotic exoskeletons. Only the REX Bionics Exoskel [....] » Read More
Executive Disorders. Functional analysis, habilitative treatments and early prevention. Today neurobiological and pedagogic convergences allow the development of knowledge of Executive Functions (E.F. ) and their contributions to the activati [....] » Read More
Among pediatricians and neurologists who treat patients with MELAS, there is an urgent need for clinical evidence on the effective treatment for them. To date, pharmacotherapy with L-arginine has been suggested to be promising for patients with MELAS. We conducted 9-year clinical [....] » Read More
Arrestins were first discovered as the key proteins responsible for the shutoff of the G protein-dependent signaling by G protein-coupled receptors. Later arrestins were found to regulate multiple signaling pathways, including mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways, by s [....] » Read More
Delirium is a frequently preventable complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Post-operative delirium occurs in up to half of all elderly patients undergoing anesthesia and surgery. Not only does this result in increased hospital length of stay and cost, [....] » Read More
The workshop is designed to inform researchers, doctors, faculty, advocates and others who may interact/encounter victims of domestic violence, strangulation and/or traumatic brain injury; along with the ability to ask the appropriate questions of all 3 types of clients/patients. [....] » Read More
Takayasu Arteritis is a large vessel vasculitis more commonly affecting the aorta and its direct branches (Silver 2012). Cerebral aneurysms are uncommon; but associated with Takayasu's and are routinely found in areas of increased haemodynamic stress with a significant predil [....] » Read More
Lead (Pb) is an environmental neurotoxin which particularly affects the developing brain but the molecular mechanism of its neurotoxicity is not fully understood. The aim of our study was to examine whether pre- and neonatal exposure to Pb (concentration of Pb in rat offspring bl [....] » Read More
Pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (i.e. Alzheimer's disease) is supposed to be associated with neuroinflammation involving the activation of i.e. macrophages. Macrophages are a diverse group of cells which includes microglia in the central nervous system. [....] » Read More
Fluorine is a strong neurotoxin which causes the degeneration of structures such as hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and cerebellum. Fluorine exposure inhibits the activity of brain receptors and decreases the production of neurotransmitters. Exposure to fluorine in childhood can [....] » Read More
Brain is not easy to cure when it has damage or inflammation occurs, because neurons are never regenerate after the degeneration. We have been focusing on one of the glial cells, astrocytes which has the important role in the central nervous system to transfer some of the nutriti [....] » Read More
Introduction: Visual perception (VP) is a process that involves ‘visual acceptance’ and ‘visual cognition’ through interaction between multiple areas in the human brain. About 35-75% of patients with brain damage have particular impairments in VP that infl [....] » Read More
The aim of the work was to assess the red blood cell (RBC) role as a participant in vasoregulation in the patients with ischemic stroke (IS) from two points: first, as a direct deliverer of NO and a stimulator of NO-release via RBC generated ATP. Materials and methods.&nb [....] » Read More
Background: Human population living in urban environment is exposed to excessive levels of toxins, such as fluorine (F). Fluorine present in excess, e.g. in water or soil have a strong impact on living organisms. Passing through the blood-brain barrier, it damage the central [....] » Read More
Dystrophin Dp40 is the shortest dystrophin described to date. Role of this protein in the cognitive impairment described in patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is still unclear. Dp40 is expressed in a ubiquitous manner from the same promoter for dystrophin Dp71 (Tinsl [....] » Read More
Histamine H4 receptors agonist VUF-8430 have been shown participate in emotional memory. In the present study, the aim was to verify if the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of VUF-8430 (1.48 nmol; 10 ml / kg) in mice, acts on the protein synthesis required in memory consolidation [....] » Read More
The neural histaminergic system innervates the cerebellum, with high density of fibers in the vermis and flocculus. Experimental evidence indicates that cerebellum is involved in various non-motor as well as motor operations. However, the role of histaminergic system in these fun [....] » Read More
Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric disorder that impairs mental and social functioning and affects approximately 1% of the world’s population. It is known that in contrast to pharmacotherapy with typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotic agents alleviate not on [....] » Read More
Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that histaminergic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors modulate the mechanisms involved in the amygdala-dependent memory formation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether an agonist of the alpha 7 nicotinic ch [....] » Read More
Cysteine proteases inhibitors play an important role in the neurodegenerative disorders. Cystatin isolated from chicken egg white, called ovocystatin has been widely used in pharmaceutical and medical research due to its structural and biological similarities to human cystatin C. [....] » Read More
It has been well known that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces neuroinflammation in rodents. However, anxiety- and depressive-like symptoms induced by LPS are known to be controversial. In the present study, we performed various mood disorder experiments such as open field test (OF [....] » Read More
Treatment of the geriatric patient on an inpatient unit is among the most complex challenges in clinical psychiatry. The patient is at the nexus of a number of problems, all interacting in ways that are often impossible to parse: aging, neurocognitive decline, non-cognitive sympt [....] » Read More
Angiotrophic B cell lymphoma, also called as Intravascular Lymphoma is a rare extra nodal type of lymphoma. The Clinical symptoms of the disease depends on the organs involved. It often presented atypically and that makes timely and accurate diagnosis of angiocentric lymphomas ve [....] » Read More
The Schizophrenia Spectrum is a set of neuroencephalo abnormalities that occurs at different levels and can cause delusions, hallucinations, behavioral disorders and causes cognitive impairment. The initial diagnosis is not easy and the delay in treatment causes irreversible brai [....] » Read More
Primary brain microvessels (BrMV) maintain the cellular characters and molecular signatures as displayed in vivo, thus serve as a vital tool for biomedical research of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the development/optimization of brain drug delivery. The variations of relativ [....] » Read More
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex heterogeneous childhood neuropsychiatric disorders mainly characterized by deficits in verbal and non-verbal communication, reciprocal social interactions, and stereotyped behavior. Despite the increased worldwide interest of scientists [....] » Read More
Epilepsy is one of the most common and heterogeneous neurological diseases. In Kazakhstan, more than 45,000 people suffer from epilepsy, 40% of them are children, adolescents and young people, 38% of patients become disabled, and their life quality reduces by 85% on average. The [....] » Read More
A neuroprotective function of adenosine against ischemic/excitotoxic cell damage has been demonstrated. The adenosine receptors named A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 have been implicated in a wide range of biological functions as well as in pathological states such as ischemic injury. [....] » Read More
Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) and X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP) cause dramatic disease burden to patient’s quality of life and even to the family members or caregivers. Symptoms eventually progress in time but is not necessarily equated to decline i [....] » Read More
This presentation will discuss the definition of NCSE, types, classifications, epidemiology and pathophysiology in addition to treatment and outcome. Will highlight the importance of early diagnosis. Uncommon presentations and EEG features. This is not a research pres [....] » Read More
Emerging evidences have been pointed out that the imbalance of epigenetic machinery exert a pivotal role in the physiopathology of several neurological, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions. However, this relationship in spinal cord injury (SCI) have been poorly inve [....] » Read More
We will consider two subjects of nonlinear dynamics: synchronization of integrate-and-fire biological oscillators; global chaos in neural networks and discuss their importance for brain activity from the dynamical systems and information dynamics point of view. The collective beh [....] » Read More
Craniofacial anomalies are rare complex pathologies which needs a craniofacial team composed of neurosurgeon, a craniofacial plastic surgeon, and an ophthalmologist. Anomalies at craniofacial region either due to developmental malformation of the brain (neural tube defects) or pr [....] » Read More
Amphetamine (AMPH) is used as psychostimulant, appetite suppressant and to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). Among other effects, AMPH has been shown to alter the function of proteins uniquely associated with the reward system, i.e. the dopamine trans [....] » Read More
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolite of arachidonic acid (AA), is one of the primary eicosanoids in most of microcirculatory beds. Studies have indicated that this compound has important physiological and pathological functions in the m [....] » Read More
The focus of the presentation will be the use of technological tools for the assessment and the rehabilitation of children with neurological disorders. A brief historical introduction will be produced. Specific tools for the multi-factorial analysis of the movement have been deve [....] » Read More
Motor impairment of cerebral origin is a syndrome that induces a reduction in activity, the origin of which is brain injury or a non-progressive and definitive abnormality occurring in a developing immature brain. Motor disability, spastic, dyskinetic or ataxic, [....] » Read More
The brain nucleus involve in learning flavors and food preferences appear early in life and continue through adulthood. Epigenetic factors like undernutrition can alter the brain process involved in food preferences. In the other hand, undernutrition is a public health problem of [....] » Read More
Title : Brain dynamics of normal and abnormal learning, memory, and cognition with applications to Alzheimer’s disease, amnesia, autism, and neglect.
Stephen Grossberg, Boston University, United States
This talk will describe brain mechanisms of learning, memory, and cognition and how they may break down during mental disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, medial temporal amnesia, autism, and visual and auditory neglect. These processes are described by Adaptive Resonance [....] » Read More
Title : The significant outcomes and rationale of exploiting chaos in the cns - to accelerate functional rejuvenation of the lesioned spinal cord
Ken Ware, NeuroPhysics Therapy Institute and Research Centre, Australia
In 2013 world renowned Paralympian John Maclean became the first long term paraplegic to walk again. Maclean had been 25 years wheelchair dependent pre engaging in NeuroPhysics Therapy (NPT) and within the first 3 days of this controversial therapy Maclean took his first recorded [....] » Read More
Title : Discovery of markers for brain tumors starting from mouse models
Maria-Magdalena Georgescu, Louisiana State University, United States
Glioblastoma is a deadly brain tumor with a median survival of 1.3 years after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The dismal prognosis is due to the propensity of the tumor to invade adjacent normal brain. Although next generation sequencing led to genomic landscaping [....] » Read More
Title : Aging and traumatic brain injuries: involvement of cholinergic transmission in preclinical tests of executive function
Corina O. Bondi, University of Pittsburgh, United States
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) impact millions of Americans, with older patients being more likely to have a co-occurring condition, particularly dementia. Galantamine (GAL), a first-line drug used to treat dementia, acts primarily as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and has bee [....] » Read More
Title : Brainstem Dysfunction in Neuropsychiatric Disorders – AD/PD/Depression
Harry W.M. Steinbusch, Maastricht University, Netherlands
Despite the fundamental role of the brainstem in regulating vital functional abilities such as arousal, breathing, autonomic nervous system activity as well as regulating all higher cerebral functions via neurotransmitter projections systems originating in the brainstem, the role [....] » Read More
Title : Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) combined with locomotor exercise provides better therapeutic outcome in reducing spasticity, improving anxiety, cognitive and activity performance, and no adverse effect on balance performance in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) r
Floyd Thompson, Brain Rehabilation Center, North Florida/South Gergia Veterans Health Systems, United States
Spasticity is a major health problem for patients with moderate to severe TBI. Progressive development of spasticity following TBI often represents a significant barrier for practical re-entry of TBI patients into the community. This preclinical study evaluated the safety and eff [....] » Read More
Title : Frameless stereotactic radiotherapy alone and combined with temozolomide for canine gliomas
Luca Malfassi, La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, Romanengo, Italy and Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Lodi, Italy
We evaluated stereotactic volume modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT RT) for canine gliomas, alone (RT) and in combination with temozolomide (RT+TMZ), compared to palliation. Overall and disease-specific survival times were estimated. Thirty dogs were palliated, 22 dogs were treated [....] » Read More
Title : Toward selective modulators of GABA-A receptors
Karol S. Bruzik, The University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
Heteropentameric GABA-A receptor is a principal drug target whose function is allosterically modulated by general anesthetics, sedatives and anticonvulsants, such as propofol, etomidate, barbiturates and neurosteroids. The current clinically used general anesthetics have numerous [....] » Read More
Title : Astrocytes as the pivotal damage---management and repair cells after focal injury in the CNS
Swetlana Sirko, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
Astrocytes have a critical role in ensuring optimal brain functions,from supporting neuronal metabolism and survival to maintenance of blood?brain barrier. However, it took along time to recognize the central role of astrocytes in response to diverse types of CNS damage, such as [....] » Read More
Title : New perspectives for a more suitable therapeutic approach for Huntington’s disease
Vittorio Maglione, IRCCS Neuromed, Italy
Huntington's disease (HD), the most common dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by a progressive striatal and cortical neurodegeneration associated with cognitive and behavioral disturbance. The disease-causing mutation is an polyglutamine (polyQ) [....] » Read More
Title : Antigravity suit "Atlant" in neurological rehabilitation of patients with motor and cognitive impairments
Valida Isanova, Kazan State Medical University, Russian Federation
The nervous system disorders and mental impairments still remain to be among the main causes of children and adults incapacity. Currently neurorehabilitation has a particular relevance and importance among people suffering from nervous system disorders, incapable of moving i [....] » Read More
Title : Do lower limb robotic exoskeletons have a role in neurological rehabilitation? A systematic review
Jodie Marquez, University of Newcastle, Australia
Background: Technological advances have led to the emergence of robotic exoskeletons as a potential therapy option for patients with neurological conditions. To date, the body of evidence has focused on the spinal cord injury population but more recently there has been growi [....] » Read More
Title : Continued refinement of environmental enrichment as a preclinical model of neurorehabilitation after experimental brain trauma
Anthony E. Kline, University of Pittsburgh, United States
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects two million people in the United States each year and several million more worldwide, making it a significant health care issue. Brain traumas range from mild to severe with the former being the case in most occurrences and generally not displ [....] » Read More