Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating form of injury that is caused by a blow or jolt to the head that disrupts the normal functioning of the brain. It can range from a mild concussion to a severe, life altering injury. It is more common in children and the elderly, and has been linked to motor vehicle accidents, sports activities, falls, assaults, and other accidents. The signs and symptoms of a TBI can vary depending on the severity of the injury, however, some symptoms are common among sufferers. These include headaches, dizziness, confusion, memory loss, changes in personality and behavior, a loss of coordination, blurry vision, a decrease in cognitive and physical abilities, and in extreme cases, unconsciousness. In more serious cases, swelling or bleeding in the brain can occur, which can lead to permanent disability, or even death. The diagnosis of TBI usually includes a physical exam of the injured area to determine the severity of the injury, as well as to look for any other potential damage. Imaging or imaging tests such as a CT scan or MRI can also be used to diagnose a TBI, and can detect damage to the brain that may not be seen on an exam alone. Treatment for a TBI depends on the severity of the injury and can range from rest and over-the-counter medication to surgical procedures. In more serious cases, surgery may be necessary to remove any bleeding or damage to the brain that may have occurred. Rehabilitation, such as physical and occupational therapy, may also be used to help improve the functioning of the affected area. Living with a TBI can be a difficult and challenging experience for the affected individual and their family. Individuals dealing with a TBI often need external support and guidance to help them cope with the changes brought about by the injury. Support groups, rehabilitation services, and counseling can be very helpful in restoring a sense of normalcy and providing the individual with positive outlets for coping and managing the effects of the injury.