Postural Stability

Postural stability, the ability to maintain a steady upright position, is a critical aspect of motor skill development. It directly affects the ability to move safely and efficiently in everyday activities. Postural stability is affected by many factors, including the strength and flexibility of the muscles used to maintain balance, proprioceptive awareness, the use of vision and other sensory input to stabilise the body. The body’s base of support is the area in which the feet contact the ground. A wide base of support provides more stability than a narrow base. Good proprioceptive awareness gives the body information to help recognise when a particular postural position is not stable and needs to be corrected. Muscles around the spine rely on feedback from proprioceptors in the joints and muscles to keep the body upright. Efficient movement occurs when postural stability is linked to both strength and coordination. This is achieved by using the core muscles (abdominals, gluteal muscles and thigh and hip muscles) to contribute to stability as the body moves. Stronger core muscles help to reduce energy expenditure and improve the skill level for movement activities. The shoulders and arms are used to move the centre of gravity when beginning a movement, or shifting the body’s position. Good posture is also key to maintaining good postural stability. Good posture keeps the spine aligned, reducing stress on the muscles and joints, and allowing the body to stay upright with minimal effort. As children grow, their postural stability tends to improve as their core strength increases, but regular exercise will help them to achieve good postural stability earlier and maintain it into adulthood. Postural stability training use a variety of methods to improve balance while practicing activities such as yoga, tai chi, Pilates, and balance boards. These activities help to strengthen the lower body and build a sense of awareness of one’s posture while developing core strength and stability. Proper footwear is also important as the right type of shoe can enhance a person’s sense of balance and stability.