Neurological Impairments

Neurological impairments can have a powerful impact on vision. Although vision problems are sometimes caused by physical damage to the eyes, many are caused by neurological disorders that damage the pathways of the brain and the nerves that control the eye muscles. Vision impairments range from simple blurred vision to complete visual loss. Common visual disturbances caused by a neurological disorder include double vision, reduced visual field, and blurry vision. Some neurological impairments that affect vision include stroke, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury. Stroke occurs when blood vessels are blocked and deprives the brain of oxygen and disrupts the messages sent between the brain and the eye muscles. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder that attacks the fatty protective sheaths surrounding the nerves that control the eye movements. In traumatic brain injury, a blow or jolt to the brain can damage the nerve pathways connecting the brain with the eyes. These neurological impairments can create serious vision problems such as double vision, which is the perception of two images, or reduced visual field, where the patient is unable to see objects in their peripheral vision. These impairments can also affect how well a person can perceive colors, shapes, and contrasts. Some neurological conditions can also cause blurred vision, where the vision appears to be distorted or out of focus. Although neurological impairments can create debilitating vision problems, an ophthalmologist or optometrist can suggest treatments to improve eyesight. Patients can also benefit from vision therapy, occupational therapy, and low vision rehabilitation. Wearing glasses, contact lenses, or magnifiers can also help with vision loss. Patients suffering from visual impairments must take extra precautions while driving, avoiding driving during certain times of the day, switching their lights on and off frequently, and staying away from distractions while driving.