. Blepharospasm

Blepharospasm is a rare neuromuscular disorder where the eyelids involuntarily spasm and close. The spasm can be mild, causing frequent blinking or distinct twitching, or it can be more severe, preventing the eye from opening. It is a common type of dystonia, which refers to muscle spasms or contractions that periodically cause body parts to twist involuntarily. Blepharospam generally affects both eyes and often begins gradually, starting with an occasional speeding of the eyelids or blinking. As the disorder progresses, the intensity and frequency of the spasms increases. These spasms can interfere with vision, cause the eye to tear abnormally and impede the ability of the person to partially or completely close the affected eye. The exact cause of blepharospam remains unknown although researchers suggest it is likely due to a miscommunication in signals from the brain. It most commonly occurs in adults over the age of 40, but has beenfound to affect people of all ages. There is no known cure for Blepharospam; however there are therapies that can help reduce the severity and duration of the spasms. Medications such as muscle relaxants or orally administered anticholinergics are often prescribed to reduce the contraction of the muscles and help reduce the severity of the spasms. If medication does not help, Botox injections can be used to relax the muscles. Physical therapy exercises may help to reduce muscle tension and spasms. Surgery, with direct muscle surgery or strengthening of the eye muscle tendons, may be a last resort option. It is important for those suffering from blepharospam to continuously monitor their spasms and seek medical advice when needed. Although there is no known cure, with proper medical attention, many individuals are able to successfully manage the disorder.