Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a type of mental disorder where individuals experience drastic shifts in mood, energy and activity levels. It is a serious illness which can cause extreme shifts in mood, energy and the ability to function and the changes in mood can be extreme. People affected by Bipolar disorder experience episodes of mania, hypomania, and depression. Mania is a period of intense elation. Additionally, it is often characterized by significant difficulty calming down or controlling the excitement felt during this period. Hypomania is a mild to moderate form of mania, which does not have the same extreme intensity and can even seem pleasant. Depression is the opposite side of the spectrum, where the individual feels extreme sadness, lack of energy, and lack of motivation to do anything. The exact cause of Bipolar disorder isn’t known, but various research suggests it may be due to the combination of biological, environmental, and genetic factors. Biological factors affecting Bipolar disorder might include hormone imbalances or the influence of certain neurotransmitters. Environmental factors can play a role as well, such as stress, drug use and psychological triggers that may trigger episodes. Genetic predispositions can also be a factor that affects an individual's likelihood of developing Bipolar disorder. Treatments for Bipolar disorder include medications, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. Medications commonly used are mood stabilizers such as lithium, anticonvulsants, and antipsychotic drugs. Psychotherapy involves discussing symptoms and goals with a mental health professional, and potential triggers, such as stress or substance abuse. Lifestyle changes are also important, such as following a healthy diet, avoiding alcohol or drugs, practicing good sleep hygiene, and getting more physical activity. Bipolar disorder is a serious illness that can be debilitating and can have a significant impact on an individual’s life.