Atypical Parkinsonism

Atypical Parkinsonism is a class of neurological disorders that mimic Parkinson’s disease (PD), the most common form of parkinsonism, but have another underlying cause. Common symptoms are quite similar to PD, including tremors, stiffness, and slowness of movement. However, other telltale signs may also present, such as difficulty with balance, cognitive impairment, and changes in behavior. The various types of atypical parkinsonism include multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and Lewy body dementia (LBD). Each of these diseases has a unique set of neurological symptoms and progression. MSA is characterized by an inability to move due to lack of coordination, as well as orthostatic hypotension and urinary incontinence. PSP is rarely reversible, resulting in lateralized movement issues, falling, erratic postures, and impaired vision. Similarly, CBD involves rigid postures, slow movements, and impaired cognition. Lastly, LBD is marked by hallucinations, mental confusion, sleep problems, and loss of facial expression. Diagnosis of atypical parkinsonism is complicated because the various types share common symptoms. To differentiate between them, doctors typically rely on a comprehensive evaluation and medical tests like brain MRI and biological testing. Unfortunately, there are no cures for atypical parkinsonism. While medications might help to reduce symptoms or slow the disease’s progression, the best treatment strategies are geared towards maintaining good quality of life. Occupational and physical therapy, Parkinson’s support groups, and lifestyle modifications can help to minimize symptoms and boost overall wellbeing. Social support is also key for managing the emotional toll of an atypical parkinsonism diagnosis.