Neuroimmunology

Neuroimmunology is an emerging field of medical research which studies the link between the immune system and the nervous system. It combines neuroscience and immunology, two diverse disciplines, to understand the impact of the immune system on the nervous system and vice versa. Neurons in the brain and other parts of the central nervous system are constantly performing their functions in the body. Neurotransmitters released by neurons communicate physical activity, thoughts, and emotions. Meanwhile, the body’s immune system works to protect it against any threats. However, recent research has revealed that the two systems have a close relationship. Evidence suggests that chemokines released by immunocytes during an immune response alters the activity of neurons. Furthermore, hormones released by immune cells including cytokines, chemokines, and antibodies enter the brain and can trigger neurological changes. It is now believed that immune system interactions with the brain and central nervous system are far more significant than previously thought. This has potential implications for a range of immunological and neurological diseases which involve the dysregulation of neural-immune interactions. Research examining the relationship between the immune system and the nervous system has led to a better understanding of a range of conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, autism, and autoimmune diseases. This is allowing researchers to develop more effective treatments in an effort to reduce the severity or manage the symptoms of these conditions. Neuroimmunology is an ever-growing field of medical research with much more still to be discovered. Through continued research, a deeper understanding of the interactions between the nervous system and the immune system can be gained, providing hope to those affected by both neurological and immunological diseases.