Muscular Dystrophy

Muscular Dystrophy is a group of inherited genetic conditions that affect a person’s musculoskeletal system. It is caused by a defect in a gene that filters to the body’s muscles, making them weak and limiting the person’s ability to move. Signs and symptoms of muscular dystrophy vary depending on the type, but all types of the condition cause progressive muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass. Typically, muscular dystrophy is classified by distinct patterns of muscle weakness and wasting. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are the two most common types of the disorder, and both cause similar symptoms, albeit at different rates of progression. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common type of MD and usually presents in boys aged around 5-7 years old. It is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene on the X chromosome and is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, contractures, and wasting. Its effects are often visible in the form of a limp and difficulty running. Due to its severity, mobility aids such as wheelchairs or walkers may be needed. Along with physical symptoms, progressive cognitive decline can also be experienced. Becker muscular dystrophy, on the other hand, is a milder form of MD. It is also caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene but typically presents in teenage youth or early adulthood. In comparison to DMD, its progression of symptoms is much slower and less severe. In some cases, Becker muscular dystrophy can go undiagnosed as its signs and symptoms are not as obvious. Muscular dystrophy is usually managed with a multidisciplinary approach involving physical activity, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, medications, and dietary changes. Regular physical activity is important to help maintain muscle strength and improve quality of life for those with muscular dystrophy. Exercises such as swimming, cycling, or walking can help to strengthen muscles and improve range of motion.