Ataxia

Ataxia is a neurological disorder that causes difficulty controlling and coordinating the body's movements. It is commonly associated with impaired coordination, balance, posture, and fine motor skills of the patient. It is typically caused by dysfunction of cerebellum, which is a part of the brain responsible for the integration of the reponses from all sensory systems, and for generating muscle control. Ataxia is classified according to its cause. Hereditary ataxia is the most common type and is caused by an inherited genetic defect. Spinocerebellar ataxia is acquired from virus, head trauma or stroke, and is usually progressive. Other types of ataxia are caused by metabolic or nutritional disorders, such as vitamin deficiencies and alcoholic cerebella degeneration. Symptoms of ataxia vary depending on the underlying cause, but generally include impaired motor coordination, loss of balance, and difficulty with activities of daily living. These symptoms may also affect speech, swallowing, vision, and hearing. Patients with ataxia often experience gait difficulty, clumsiness of the hands and arms, and involuntary jerky movements. Diagnosis of ataxia involves a physical and neurological examination. Additional tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), lumbar puncture, and genetics tests may be used to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment of ataxia depends on the type and underlying cause. Physical therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy can help improve the patient's movements and skills.