Acute Spinal Cord Injury

An acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is a type of traumatic injury to the spine that damages its nerve fibers. It occurs when a sudden, traumatic force causes a displacement or fracture of the vertebrae or disks that compose the spinal column. Depending on the location of the injury on the spinal cord, a range of effects may occur, from pain and numbness to paralysis and loss of sensation. The trauma typically occurs as a result of an accident or a trauma, such as a motor vehicle accident, gunshot wound, or a fall. SCI can result in paraplegia or quadriplegia, depending on the severity of the injury as well as its location. Paraplegia is the loss of movement and sensation in the lower half of the body, while quadriplegia is the loss of movement and sensation in all four limbs. Other possible effects of SCI include reduced control of the bladder and bladder and/or sexual function, spasticity, and chronic pain. Since the spinal cord’s nerve fibers are responsible for sending and receiving messages about sensation and motor activity, the acute injury completely disrupts this signal flow. This can cause a range of different symptoms, such as a loss of sensation, muscular contractions, spasms, and paralysis. Other possible effects of an SCI include respiratory problems, infection, blood clots, and digestive issues. Treatment for an acute SCI can involve medical, surgical, or rehabilitative services. Surgery may be recommended if the traumatic force has caused a fracture or dislocation of vertebrae in the spine. If the injury has been caused by a vertebral compression or a vertebral infection, medical interventions such as medications, braces, and physical therapy may be needed. Rehabilitation services are intended to help individuals who have experienced a spinal cord injury regain physical function, mobility, and independence. Rehabilitation can include physical, occupational, and adapted recreation therapies; psychological counseling; and modifications to the environment.