Neuroimaging

Neuroimaging techniques are divided into two major categories including structural imaging and functional imaging. Structural imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), and others provide a detailed picture of the anatomy of the brain. These techniques reveal the volume and shape of the brain, as well as the presence of tumors, inflammation, and/or stroke-related damage. Structural imaging also allows for precise visualization of the networks and pathways of the brain and can be used to detect changes in the brain’s anatomy over time. Functional imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) allow physicians to measure brain activity or “function” instead of just structure. Functional neuroimaging reveals areas of the brain where there are changes in blood flow, oxygen use, and other metabolic processes associated with particular activities. This type of imaging lets researchers and physicians see which areas of the brain are “lit up” during a task or emotional response and can provide valuable information about how the brain works and what is happening during certain behaviors. Overall, neuroimaging has revolutionized the field of neuroscience and neurology and has enabled researchers and physicians to unravel the complexities of the human brain.