Concussion

A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by suddenly jolted, bumped, or jostled force to the head or body. Concussions can cause both physical and cognitive disruption of brain functions lasting from minutes to weeks or even longer. Concussion symptoms vary depending on the severity of the head injury and individual experience. The most common physical symptoms of a concussion include headaches, dizziness, sleep disturbances, memory and concentration difficulties, impaired coordination, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, and ringing in the ears. Cognitive symptoms can include slowed reaction time and processing speed, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and difficulty with learning new information. Safe Return to Play protocols are used to help gradually transition an athlete back to sport play, while the brain recovers from the concussion. Immediate rest after the injury is critical, as early resumption of activity can increase risk of further injury. Once the athlete is given clearance to return to sports activities, a graduated exercise program is prescribed and monitored. In this program, activities progressively increase in intensity, duration, and cognitive load. This program is individualized based on the post-concussion symptoms of the athlete. It is important to pay attention to signs that the brain is not adequately recovering after a concussion, as it may signal a need for specialist intervention to aid with recovery. To prevent concussion, the use of protective equipment such as helmets, mouth guards, and padding can be crucial. Additionally, implementing rules that protect the integrity and safety of athletes, and educating athletes and coaches about the importance of proper technique are also important strategies for prevention.