Bipolar Disorders

Bipolar disorder is a serious mental health condition characterized by distinct episodes of elevated mood, defined as mania or hypomania, and depression. It is estimated to affect 2.6% of the adult population in the United States. People with bipolar disorder cycle back and forth between moments of severe depression and mania. Mania is characterized by a high level of energy, elevated mood, racing thoughts, and a decreased need for sleep. Depression can involve extreme feelings of sadness and decreased energy. During manic and depressive episodes, people with bipolar disorder can experience what is called “dysphoric mania”, involving periods of irritable rather than elevated mood. Symptoms of bipolar disorder typically emerge in adolescence or early adulthood, but can emerge at any time in life. Although a cause for bipolar disorder is not yet identified, research suggests that genetics and environmental factors both play a role in the development of the condition. Genetic risk for bipolar disorder is estimated to be around 80%, indicating that while other factors play an influence, inheritance plays an important role. It is possible for environmental factors such as stress or trauma to trigger an episode in those with a genetic predisposition. A wide variety of treatment options for bipolar disorder are available. Most treatment plans involve medications to regulate mood and a combination of therapy programs. The medications may involve mood stabilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics, or other drugs to manage symptoms. Psychological interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, and interpersonal therapy can help people with bipolar disorder learn to manage their symptoms. Finally, complementary therapies such as meditation and yoga may be beneficial for some people. In summary, bipolar disorder is a serious mental health condition that is estimated to affect 2.6% of the American adult population. While the cause is not yet clear, research shows a combination of genetics and environmental factors are involved in development. Treatment plans for bipolar disorder often involve a combination of medication and psychological interventions, as well as the use of complementary therapeutic techniques. If you or someone you know is struggling with symptoms of bipolar disorder, please reach out for help and support.