Title : Proinflammatory cytokines in psychiatric disorders comorbid with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Abstract:
We have analyzed 27 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) associated with psychiatric disorders.We also studied different parameters of immunoendocrine reactivity: thyroid hormones, prolactin, TSH, antithyroid antibodies, anti-alpha-enolase antibodies (anti-ENO1 Ab) and the levels of 26 cytokines in the blood. We detected a significant association between the levels of cytokines and mental symptoms: attention deficit and IL-5 level (β = -1.82; p = 0.046), attention deficit and IL-12P70 level (β = -1.67; p = 0.048), IL-27 and hallucinations (β = -1.6; p = 0.035), CCL20 MIP3a level and OCD (β = -2.78; p = 0.018).
We analyzed the associations between the levels of cytokines and various immune-endocrine parameters, a significant direct correlation was found between the level of FT3 and: IL-1b (β = 4.13; p = 0.017), IL-5 (β = 3.3; p = 0.048), IL-13 (β = 5.77; p = 0.006), IL-15 (β = 3.99; p = 0.014).TSH concentration negatively correlated with levels of: IL-15 (β = -3.37; p = 0.006), IL-1b (β = -2.06; p = 0.012). There was a positive correlation between the level of anti-ENO1 Ab and the concentration of IL-1b (β = 12.52; p = 0.03) and IL-21 (β = 12.39; p = 0.032).Anti-TPO Ab showed an inverse correlation with the level of IL-15 (β = -0.67; p = 0.022). It is known that glial brain cells produce a number of cytokines, thus affecting neurons and contributing to the development of behavioral changes [Eusden , 2017]. Some cytokines outside the CNS itself are able to act on vagal afferents and through them convey information to the CNS, influencing its state and functions [Korneva, 2019]. Our patients had HT, which in itself disrupts the state of the cytokine network, it was demonstrated that HT is typically characterized by an increase in the leptin / adiponectin ratio with an increase in the level of TNFα, progressing as the disease progresses.According to our data and the data of other authors, the systemic concentrations of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including the aforementioned leptin and TNFα, as well as monocytic chemoattractant protein-1 and interferon-γ, increase, and the levels of their anti-inflammatory analogs (interleukin-10, adiponectin) decrease in HT [Churilov, 2019]. FT3 concentrations were most closely correlated with the level of several cytokines in the studied group of patients. It is known that it is this hormone that possesses receptors on microglial cells and controls the processes of their inflammatory activation and phagocytic behavior [Mori, 2015]. A positive correlation with proinflammatory cytokines of a number of autoimmunity parameters and clinical picture in mentally ill patients with HT can be interpreted taking into account the data that such cytokines - both at the periphery and produced locally by astrocytes - can shift tryptophan metabolism in the central nervous system towards kynurenine. which contributes to the mediator disorders involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia [Kindler, 2019].
