Title : Study of traumatic brain injuries and their consequences on neurocognitive deficits: Clinical analysis and therapeutic perspectives
Abstract:
Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with significant neurocognitive consequences. In Morocco, particularly at Idrissi Hospital in Kénitra, TBIs represent a frequent cause of hospital admissions, yet data on their cognitive impact remain limited.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of neurocognitive deficits among TBI patients and to propose strategies for improved management.
Methods: A six-month cross-sectional study (February–August 2023) was conducted on 120 TBI patients at Idrissi Hospital. Data were collected on demographics, injury severity (Glasgow Coma Scale), and cognitive performance (MMSE, Clock Test). Statistical analyses included descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate tests.
Results: The majority of patients were male (80%) with a mean age of 40.5 years. TBI severity was mild (50%), moderate (30%), or severe (20%). Neurocognitive deficits were observed in 40% of patients, with memory (35%), attention (30%), and executive functions (20%) most affected. Significant correlations were identified between neurocognitive deficits and TBI severity (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) and age (r = 0.40, p = 0.001). Road traffic accidents were the main cause (60%), associated with extensive cognitive deficits.
Conclusion: TBI significantly affects neurocognitive functions, particularly in severe cases and older patients. Preventive measures and targeted rehabilitation strategies are crucial for reducing the long-term burden of TBI.
Keywords: TBI, neurocognitive deficits, memory, attention, road traffic accidents, Morocco.
