Title : Comprehensive approach to improve quality of life in patients with neurocognitive disorders
Abstract:
Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) are clinical conditions characterized by progressive deterioration in cognitive functions such as memory, attention, language, perception, and executive function. They include diseases like Alzheimer’s, vascular dementia, and Lewy body dementia, among other neurodegenerative, vascular, infectious, or traumatic causes. The variety of origins of NCDs means that symptoms may differ between patients, although they generally affect autonomy and quality of life. Early diagnosis is essential, as it allows for more effective interventions to slow the progression, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach that combines medical treatments and psychological strategies.
The psychological treatment of NCDs should not only address cognitive symptoms but also emotional and social aspects. The onset of NCDs generates complex emotional responses such as frustration, sadness, anxiety, and depression. Psychology plays a crucial role in identifying and managing these symptoms, helping patients adapt to their new reality and improve their emotional well-being. Cognitive-behavioral therapies are useful for treating associated depression and anxiety, promoting coping strategies to manage daily changes and the emotional difficulties resulting from cognitive decline.
Cognitive rehabilitation, which includes psychological and psychosocial interventions, is essential for preserving cognitive functions. Cognitive stimulation programs enable patients to work on aspects such as memory, attention, and language, which not only preserve cognitive functions but also maintain self- esteem and reduce social isolation. Health psychology emphasizes the importance of a positive attitude toward treatment, which favors engagement in therapies and improves long-term prognosis.
Psychosocial therapies, such as music therapy and adapted recreational activities, are essential for improving the quality of life of patients, as they encourage emotional expression, social interaction, and stress reduction. These interventions promote identity and social connection and decrease behavioral symptoms such as agitation. Psychologists also provide emotional support to caregivers, who face high levels of stress. Training in behavior management and constant support are key to reducing caregiver burden.
Environmental modification is equally crucial. Environmental psychology aims to adapt the home to ensure the patient’s safety and promote autonomy by making changes such as better lighting and space organization, facilitating mobility, and reducing confusion.
Encouraging a healthy lifestyle, with a balanced diet, regular exercise, and control of cardiovascular risk factors, also helps slow the progression of some NCDs. Social and intellectual activity stimulates the brain and maintains an active attitude.
This approach should be managed interdisciplinarily, involving neurologists, geriatricians, psychiatrists, occupational therapists, and psychologists to offer personalized treatment that preserves the patient's quality of life and dignity.
