Title : Validity and reliability of the Japanese behavior rating inventory of executive function-adult version (J-BRIEF-A): Gender differences and age variations in adults
Abstract:
Executive function (EF) refers to higher-order cognitive processes associated with the prefrontal cortex, playing a critical role in goal-directed behavior and daily functioning. The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Adult Version (J-BRIEF-A). Additionally, age and gender differences in EF were examined, including tests of measurement invariance.
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 1,378 adults (age 18–89 years; 689 men) across Japan. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the theoretical structure of the J-BRIEF-A, including nine subscales and a three-factor model (CFI = .98; RMSEA = .094). Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were both high. Convergent validity was demonstrated through significant correlations with the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX).
Construct validity was evaluated through three complementary approaches: (1) structural validity, as confirmed by the factor analysis; (2) convergent validity, supported by correlations with the DEX; and (3) measurement invariance testing across gender and age groups. Full scalar invariance was established across gender, allowing for meaningful comparisons between men and women. Across age groups, scalar invariance was confirmed for eight of the nine subscales, with the plan/organize subscale showing inadequate fit at the scalar level. This indicates caution should be taken when interpreting age-related differences on that subscale.
These results provide robust support for the J-BRIEF-A as a reliable and valid self-report tool for assessing EF in Japanese adults. While the reliance on subjective ratings and the absence of performance-based measures are noted limitations, the J-BRIEF-A remains a practical and accessible option for capturing executive dysfunction in everyday life. Further research should integrate objective cognitive assessments and examine contextual factors such as occupational stress and lifestyle habits to enhance comprehensive validity.
