Title : Stroke- diagnosis and treatment methods
Abstract:
Background: Stroke is a major global health burden, representing a leading cause of death and long-term disability. Rapid diagnosis and effective intervention are critical to improving patient outcomes.
Objective: This abstract aims to provide an updated overview of current diagnostic tools and treatment modalities for stroke, emphasizing recent advances and evidence-based practices.
Methods and Findings: Early identification of stroke type is essential and primarily relies on neuroimaging modalities such as non-contrast CT for rapid triage and MRI for detailed evaluation. Advanced techniques like CT perfusion and diffusion-weighted imaging now aid in extending treatment windows for select patients. For acute ischemic stroke, intravenous thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the first-line therapy within 4.5 hours, while endovascular thrombectomy has revolutionized care for large vessel occlusions, with treatment windows extending up to 24 hours in eligible cases. Hemorrhagic stroke management focuses on blood pressure control, reversal of coagulopathy, and neurosurgical intervention when necessary. Secondary prevention strategies—including antithrombotic therapy, statins, and lifestyle modifications—are essential to reduce recurrence risk.
Conclusion: Recent advancements in diagnostic imaging and reperfusion therapies have significantly improved stroke outcomes. Continued innovation, timely intervention, and multidisciplinary coordination remain essential for optimizing stroke care.
Keywords: Stroke, Thrombolysis, Thrombectomy, Neuroimaging, Ischemic Stroke, Hemorrhagic Stroke, Secondary Prevention
